SQL Server interview questions
A visitor of
M oskalyuk.com/jobs
writes: Here are some SQL Server DBA/Developer
interview questions I faced myself personally and/or heard from people. I will try to
answer these questions briefly here, but be advised that these answers may not be
complete and it will be better for you to go through text books, books online and other
resources on the net.
Before you go fo r the interview, be prepared to explain the database design of one of
your latest projects. Don't be surprised if the interviewer asks you to draw ER diagrams.
W ell, here are some questions for you. Hope this helps you prepare for your interview.
W ish you all the best in your job hunt! Feel free to email me 'interview questions' that
you've faced.
Questions are categorized under the following sections, for your convenience:
1. Database design (8 questions)
2. SQL Server architecture (12 questions)
3. Database administration (13 questions)
4. Database programming (10 questions)
5. Database design
W hat is normalization? Explain different levels of normalization?
ñ
Check out the article Q100139 from Microsoft knowledge base and of
o
course, there's much more information available in the net. It'll be a good
idea to get a hold of any RDBMS fundamentals text book, especially the
one by C. J. Date. Most of the times, it will be okay if you can explain till
third normal form.
W hat is denormalization and when would you go for it?
ñ
As the name indicates, d enormalization is the reverse process of
o
normalization. It's the controlled introduction of redundancy in to the
database design. It helps improve the query performance as the number of
joins could be reduced.
How do you implement one-to-one, on e-to-many and many-to-many relationships
ñ
while designing tables?
One-to-One relationship can be implemented as a single table and rarely
o
as two tables with primary and foreign key relationships. One-to-M any
relationships are implemented by splitting the data into two tables with
primary key and foreign key relationships. M any-to-M any relationships
are implemented using a junction table with the keys from both the tables
Friday, February 1, 2008
ASP.NET Question And Answer 4
ADO.Net
1. Command object (ExecuteNonquery, ExecuteReader, ExecuteXM LRead er,
ExecuteScalar)
2. DataAdapter object (Fill)
3. Dataset (collection of tables)
4. CommandBuiler object
5. Transaction Object
6. Isolation levels
Q: What are the most common techniques for reusing functionality in object-
oriented systems?
A: The two most common techniques for reusing functionality in object-oriented systems
are class inheritance and object composition.
Class inheritance lets you define the implementation of one class in terms of another's.
Reuse by subclassing is often ref erred to as white-box reuse.
Object composition is an alternative to class inheritance. Here, new functionality is
obtained by assembling or composing objects to get more complex functionality. This is
known as black-box reuse.
Q: Why would you want to have more than one catch block associated with a single
try block in Java?
A: Since there are many things can go wron g to a single executed statement, we should
have more than one catch(s) to catch any er rors that might occur.
Q: What language is used by a relational model to describe the structure of a
database?
A: The Data Definition Language.
Q: What is JSP? Describe its concept.
A: JSP is the JavaServer Page. The JavaServer Page concept is to provide an HTM L
document with the ability to plug in content at selected locations in the document. (This
content is then supplied by the W eb server along with the rest of the HTM L document at
the time the document is downloaded).
Q: What does the JSP engine do when presented with a JavaServer Page to process?
A: The JSP engine builds a servlet. The HTM L portions of the JavaServer Page become
Strings transmitted to print methods of a PrintW riter object. The JSP tag portions result in
calls to methods of the appropriate JavaBean class whose output is translated into more
calls to a println method to place the result in the HTML do cument
1. Command object (ExecuteNonquery, ExecuteReader, ExecuteXM LRead er,
ExecuteScalar)
2. DataAdapter object (Fill)
3. Dataset (collection of tables)
4. CommandBuiler object
5. Transaction Object
6. Isolation levels
Q: What are the most common techniques for reusing functionality in object-
oriented systems?
A: The two most common techniques for reusing functionality in object-oriented systems
are class inheritance and object composition.
Class inheritance lets you define the implementation of one class in terms of another's.
Reuse by subclassing is often ref erred to as white-box reuse.
Object composition is an alternative to class inheritance. Here, new functionality is
obtained by assembling or composing objects to get more complex functionality. This is
known as black-box reuse.
Q: Why would you want to have more than one catch block associated with a single
try block in Java?
A: Since there are many things can go wron g to a single executed statement, we should
have more than one catch(s) to catch any er rors that might occur.
Q: What language is used by a relational model to describe the structure of a
database?
A: The Data Definition Language.
Q: What is JSP? Describe its concept.
A: JSP is the JavaServer Page. The JavaServer Page concept is to provide an HTM L
document with the ability to plug in content at selected locations in the document. (This
content is then supplied by the W eb server along with the rest of the HTM L document at
the time the document is downloaded).
Q: What does the JSP engine do when presented with a JavaServer Page to process?
A: The JSP engine builds a servlet. The HTM L portions of the JavaServer Page become
Strings transmitted to print methods of a PrintW riter object. The JSP tag portions result in
calls to methods of the appropriate JavaBean class whose output is translated into more
calls to a println method to place the result in the HTML do cument
ASP.NET Question And Answer 3
8. Garbage Collection
9. Dispose, finalize, suppress finalize, Idispose interface
10. Assemblies, Namespace: Assembly is a collection of class/namespaces. An
assembly contains Manifest, M etadata, Resource files, IL code
11. Com interoperability, ad ding refer ences, web ref erences
12. Database connectivity an d providers
13. Application Domain
VB.Net
1. Class modifiers: public, private, friend, protected, protected friend, mustinherit,
NotInheritable
2. M ethod modifiers: public, private
3. Overridable
4. Shadows
5. Overloadable
6. Overrides
7. Overloads
8. Set/Get Property
9. IIF
10. Inheritance
11. Polymorphism
12. Delegates
13. Events
14. Reflection
15. Boxing
16. UnBoxing
17. Casting
ASP.Net
1. W eb Controls: Data grid (templates, sorting, p aging, bound columns, unbound
columns, data binding), Data list, repeater controls
2. HTM L Controls
3. Code behind pages, system.web.ui.page base class
4. W eb.config: App settings, identity (impersonate), authentication (windows,
forms, anonymous, passport), authorization
5. Databind.eval
6. Trace, Debug
7. Output cache
8. Session management
9. Application, Session
10. Global.asax httpapplication
11. User controls, custom controls, custom rendered controls (postback event,
postdatachanged event) usercontrol is the base class
12. Directives
9. Dispose, finalize, suppress finalize, Idispose interface
10. Assemblies, Namespace: Assembly is a collection of class/namespaces. An
assembly contains Manifest, M etadata, Resource files, IL code
11. Com interoperability, ad ding refer ences, web ref erences
12. Database connectivity an d providers
13. Application Domain
VB.Net
1. Class modifiers: public, private, friend, protected, protected friend, mustinherit,
NotInheritable
2. M ethod modifiers: public, private
3. Overridable
4. Shadows
5. Overloadable
6. Overrides
7. Overloads
8. Set/Get Property
9. IIF
10. Inheritance
11. Polymorphism
12. Delegates
13. Events
14. Reflection
15. Boxing
16. UnBoxing
17. Casting
ASP.Net
1. W eb Controls: Data grid (templates, sorting, p aging, bound columns, unbound
columns, data binding), Data list, repeater controls
2. HTM L Controls
3. Code behind pages, system.web.ui.page base class
4. W eb.config: App settings, identity (impersonate), authentication (windows,
forms, anonymous, passport), authorization
5. Databind.eval
6. Trace, Debug
7. Output cache
8. Session management
9. Application, Session
10. Global.asax httpapplication
11. User controls, custom controls, custom rendered controls (postback event,
postdatachanged event) usercontrol is the base class
12. Directives
ASP.NET Question And Answer 2
28. W hat property must you set, and what method must you call in your code, in
order to bind the data from some data source to the Repeater control?
29. W hat base class do all W eb Forms inherit from?
30. W hat method do you use to explicitly kill a user s session?
31. How do you turn off cookies for one page in your site?
32. W hich two properties are on every validation control?
33. W hat tags do you need to add within the asp:datagrid tags to bind columns
manually?
34. How do you create a permanent cookie?
35. W hat tag do you use to add a hyp erlink column to the DataGrid?
36. W hat is the standard you use to wrap up a call to a W eb service
37. W hich method do you use to redirect the user to another page without performing
a round trip to the client?
38. W hat is the transport protocol you use to call a W eb service SOAP
39. True or False: A W eb service can only be written in .NET
40. W hat does W SDL stand for?
41. W hat property do you h ave to set to tell the grid which page to go to when using
the Pager object?
42. W here on the Internet would you look for W eb services?
43. W hat tags do you need to add within the asp:datagrid tags to bind columns
manually.
44. W hich property on a Combo Box do you set with a column name, prior to setting
the DataSource, to display data in the combo box?
45. How is a property design ated as r ead-only?
46. W hich control would you use if you needed to make sure the values in two
different controls matched?
47. True or False: To test a W eb service you must create a windows application or
W eb application to consume this service?
48. How many classes can a single .NET DLL contain?
NET Framework interview questions and interviewer's notes
.NET framework overview
1. Has own class libraries. System is the main namespace and all other namespaces
are subsets of this.
2. It has CLR(Common language runtime, Common type system, common language
specification)
3. All the types are part of CTS and Object is the base class for all the types.
4. If a language said to be . net complaint, it should be compatible with CTS and
CLS.
5. All the code compiled into an intermediate language by the .Net language
compiler, which is nothing but an assembly.
6. During runtime, JIT of CLR picks the IL code and converts into PE machine code
and from there it processes the request.
7. CTS, CLS, CLR
order to bind the data from some data source to the Repeater control?
29. W hat base class do all W eb Forms inherit from?
30. W hat method do you use to explicitly kill a user s session?
31. How do you turn off cookies for one page in your site?
32. W hich two properties are on every validation control?
33. W hat tags do you need to add within the asp:datagrid tags to bind columns
manually?
34. How do you create a permanent cookie?
35. W hat tag do you use to add a hyp erlink column to the DataGrid?
36. W hat is the standard you use to wrap up a call to a W eb service
37. W hich method do you use to redirect the user to another page without performing
a round trip to the client?
38. W hat is the transport protocol you use to call a W eb service SOAP
39. True or False: A W eb service can only be written in .NET
40. W hat does W SDL stand for?
41. W hat property do you h ave to set to tell the grid which page to go to when using
the Pager object?
42. W here on the Internet would you look for W eb services?
43. W hat tags do you need to add within the asp:datagrid tags to bind columns
manually.
44. W hich property on a Combo Box do you set with a column name, prior to setting
the DataSource, to display data in the combo box?
45. How is a property design ated as r ead-only?
46. W hich control would you use if you needed to make sure the values in two
different controls matched?
47. True or False: To test a W eb service you must create a windows application or
W eb application to consume this service?
48. How many classes can a single .NET DLL contain?
NET Framework interview questions and interviewer's notes
.NET framework overview
1. Has own class libraries. System is the main namespace and all other namespaces
are subsets of this.
2. It has CLR(Common language runtime, Common type system, common language
specification)
3. All the types are part of CTS and Object is the base class for all the types.
4. If a language said to be . net complaint, it should be compatible with CTS and
CLS.
5. All the code compiled into an intermediate language by the .Net language
compiler, which is nothing but an assembly.
6. During runtime, JIT of CLR picks the IL code and converts into PE machine code
and from there it processes the request.
7. CTS, CLS, CLR
ASP.NET Question And Answer 1
Some Question Of ASP.NET
1. Explain the differences between Server-sid e and Client-side code?
2. W hat type of code (server or client) is found in a Code-Behind class?
3. Should validation (did the user enter a real date) occur server-side or client-side?
W h y?
4. W hat does the "EnableViewState" property do? W hy would I want it on or off?
5. W hat is the difference between Server.Transfer an d Response.Redirect? W hy
would I choose one over the other?
6. Can you give an example of when it would be appropriate to use a web service as
opposed to a non-serviced .NET component?
7. Let's say I have an existing application written using Visual Studio (VB InterDev
and this application utilizes W indows COM + transaction services. How would
you approach migrating this application to .NET?
8. Can you explain the difference between an ADO.NET Dataset and an ADO
Recordset?
9. Can you give an example of what might be best suited to place in the
Application_Start and Session_Start subroutines?
10. If I'm developing an application that must accomodate multiple security levels
though secure login and my ASP.NET web appplication is spanned across three
web-servers (using round-robbin load balancing) what would be the best approach
to maintain login-in state for the users?
11. W hat are ASP.NET W eb Forms? How is this technology different than what is
available though ASP (?
12. How does VB.NET/C# achieve polymorphism?
13. Can you explain what inheritance is and an example of when you might use it?
14. How would you implement inheritance using VB.NET/C#?
15. W hats an assembly?
16. Describe the difference between inline and code behind - which is best in a
loosely coupled solution?
17. Explain what a diffgram is, and a good use for on e?
18. W here would you use an iHTTPModule, and what are the limitations of
anyapproach you might take in implementing one?
19. W hat are the disadvantages of viewstate/what are the benefits?
20. Describe session handling in a webfarm, how does it work and what are the
limits?
21. How would you get ASP.NET running in Apache web servers - why would you
even do this?
22. W hats MSIL, and why should my developers need an appreciation of it if at all?
23. In what order do the events of an ASPX page execute. As a developer is it
important to undertsand these events?
24. W hich method do you invoke on the DataAdapter control to load your generated
dataset with data?
25. Can you edit data in the Repeater control?
26. W hich template must yo u provide, in order to display data in a Repeater control?
27. How can you provide an alternating color scheme in a Repeater control?
1. Explain the differences between Server-sid e and Client-side code?
2. W hat type of code (server or client) is found in a Code-Behind class?
3. Should validation (did the user enter a real date) occur server-side or client-side?
W h y?
4. W hat does the "EnableViewState" property do? W hy would I want it on or off?
5. W hat is the difference between Server.Transfer an d Response.Redirect? W hy
would I choose one over the other?
6. Can you give an example of when it would be appropriate to use a web service as
opposed to a non-serviced .NET component?
7. Let's say I have an existing application written using Visual Studio (VB InterDev
and this application utilizes W indows COM + transaction services. How would
you approach migrating this application to .NET?
8. Can you explain the difference between an ADO.NET Dataset and an ADO
Recordset?
9. Can you give an example of what might be best suited to place in the
Application_Start and Session_Start subroutines?
10. If I'm developing an application that must accomodate multiple security levels
though secure login and my ASP.NET web appplication is spanned across three
web-servers (using round-robbin load balancing) what would be the best approach
to maintain login-in state for the users?
11. W hat are ASP.NET W eb Forms? How is this technology different than what is
available though ASP (?
12. How does VB.NET/C# achieve polymorphism?
13. Can you explain what inheritance is and an example of when you might use it?
14. How would you implement inheritance using VB.NET/C#?
15. W hats an assembly?
16. Describe the difference between inline and code behind - which is best in a
loosely coupled solution?
17. Explain what a diffgram is, and a good use for on e?
18. W here would you use an iHTTPModule, and what are the limitations of
anyapproach you might take in implementing one?
19. W hat are the disadvantages of viewstate/what are the benefits?
20. Describe session handling in a webfarm, how does it work and what are the
limits?
21. How would you get ASP.NET running in Apache web servers - why would you
even do this?
22. W hats MSIL, and why should my developers need an appreciation of it if at all?
23. In what order do the events of an ASPX page execute. As a developer is it
important to undertsand these events?
24. W hich method do you invoke on the DataAdapter control to load your generated
dataset with data?
25. Can you edit data in the Repeater control?
26. W hich template must yo u provide, in order to display data in a Repeater control?
27. How can you provide an alternating color scheme in a Repeater control?
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